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Gaozaban

Nomenclature

Scientific Name/ Botanical Name

 

Onosma bracteatum Wall or Borago officinalis Linn.

Family: Boraginaceae

Unani Name

 

Gaozaban/ Lisan-us-Saur

Common Name

 

Sedge, Borage, Vipers Bugloss (Zahid, 2015)

 

Names in different languages

 

  •     Hindi name: Goaza, GanjabaGoziya
  •     Bengali name: Gaozaban, Dadishaka
  •     Parasi name: Kalamarumi
  •     Gujarati name: Bhopathsri
  •     Kannada name: Yettina Nalage
  •     Marathi name: Pathari
  •     English name: Cow’s tongue / Lisanussoar, Sedge herb
  •     Arabic name: Taharatulsanulshur or Lasanulshur
  •     Telugu name: Yedunalaka chattu (MD(Ayu), 2022)

Habitat

 

Jaundice, wounds, constipation, heart muscle weakness, and several other conditions have been treated using Gaozaban in Unani medicine. It is a tiny shrub that reaches roughly 3 to 5 meters and flourishes during the Rabi season. It primarily grows in mountainous areas of India, the Middle East, and other regions of Asia and Europe. According to ancient literature, leaves and flowers of dried Gaozaban were a sought-after traditional medicine imported from Iran.

Morphology

 

Simple in design, the plant’s entire surface is covered with fine hair. The lanceolate leaves contain nodules on the undersides that give them the appearance of a cow’s tongue, explaining its name Gojihva. It produces silky, glomerate clusters of trumpet-shaped purple velvet blooms and oval-shaped brown fruits. The leaves and flowers of the plant are usually used for medicinal purposes. Even though its flavour is somewhat flat, harsh, and unpleasant Greek and Ayurvedic medicine make extensive use of Gaozaban. Its dried leaves and blossoms are sold under the names “Berg Gauzban” and “Gul Gauzban,” respectively. (Chaudhary, 2022)

Chemical Constituents

 

Gaozaban is enriched with plenty of nutrients, flavones and phytochemicals. Some other constituents present in Gaozaban are:

  • Carbohydrates — 52%
  • Glycosides —- 13%
  • Flavonoids — 15%

Many of the components of Gaozoban like aliphatic ketones, lipids, naphthazarins, alkaloids, phenolics, naphthoquinones, and flavones like shikonins and onosmins may be chemically active. (حکمت, 2022, Chaudhary, 2022, Jariboti. pk, 2022)

Gaozaban is a herbal supplement that offers a variety of health advantages. The necessary fatty acids found in Borage are among the most crucial elements for optimal health. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an essential fatty acid, is present in Borage in extremely high concentrations. Borage is frequently used to supplement children’s GLA shortages and promote healthy growth. (Jariboti. pk, 2022) 

Pharmacological actions

 

Pharmacologically Gojihva is used as an antipyretic, antispasmodic, demulcent, aphrodisiac, immuno-modulator, anti-diarrheal, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, antipyretic, anti-tussive, and diuretic agent.

It is an effective herb for treating bladder pain, enhancing kidney function, and reducing irritability, rheumatism, and heart palpitations. It is the most used supplement in Unani and Ayurvedic medicine because it stimulates or recovers heart functions and offers tranquillity against restlessness.

  • Benefits for Oral Health: Stomatitis is the inflammation of the mouth that causes soreness, pain, and difficulty talking and eating. The Gaozaban plant eases inflammation and heals the sores.
  • Cure Jaundice: Gaozaban plant leaves are used to cure jaundice, which is brought on by an accumulation of the waste product bilirubin in the blood.
  • Reduces Constipation: When bowel motions are infrequent, the stools are challenging to pass. Congestion can cause dry, firm stools. Additionally, Gaozaban leaf extract can be used to alleviate constipation.
  • Helps with Psychiatric Conditions: Psychiatric conditions include various states that impact emotion, thought, and behaviour, such as clinical depression, anxiety disorders, and bipolar disorders. These ailments can be treated using Gaozaban leaves.
  • Treatment of Epilepsy: In susceptible individuals, Gaozaban can lower the risk of the onset of epilepsy. Gaozaban leaves also help in managing seizures in epileptics.
  • Beneficial for Respiratory Health: Rhinitis and cough can be relieved with the flowers and fruits of Onosma bracteatum. Sneezing, runny nose, and red, watery, and itchy eyes, which may also be accompanied by fever, are all alleviated by this herb.
  • Beneficial for Heart Health: Stress, drugs, or a medical condition might cause a fast, fluttering, or pounding heart. Heart palpitations are relieved by Gaozaban plant extract.
  • Beneficial for Skin Health: Skin eruptions may indicate an adverse medication reaction. Gaozaban plant root powder can be used to treat cutaneous lesions.
  • Improves Kidney and Bladder Health: Gojivha plant extract can soothe urinary bladder inflammation. The leaf extract’s diuretic properties encourage urine production and boost water outflow from the body. Additionally, Gojivha extract helps people who have trouble urinating or micturition. This plant has anti-inflammatory characteristics and acts as a renal tonic to treat kidney inflammation caused by nephritis, brought on by infections and toxins. Inflammation can stop additional kidney damage in patients with renal disease. (Chaudhary, 2022)

Indications

 

Traditional indications

  •     Mubarrid (coolant)
  •     Jazib (absorbent), useful in diarrhoea, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
  •     Muqavvi Qalb acts as a cardiac tonic, congenial for heart

Furthur Indications

  •     Khaansi Zukam – cough, cold
  •     Anorexia
  •     Zeequn nafas- asthma
  •     Chronic respiratory disorders
  •     Urinary tract disorders
  •     Ziabetus- diabetes
  •     Blood disorders such as abscesses
  •     Skin disorders
  •     Bleeding disorders include menorrhagia (kasrate tams)), nasal bleeding etc.
  •     Bukhar – fever
  •     Zakham – Ulcers, wounds (MD(Ayu), 2022)

Doses

 

Dose of Gaozoban depends on the part of the plant used for medication.  

  • Flowers: 3-5 grams 
  • Leaves: 5-7 grams 

(Zahid, 2015)

Adverse Reactions

 

Abrasion can result from rubbing leaves across the skin. Gaozaban, however, is safe to ingest and generally has no known side effects, even at a higher dosage. However, practitioners still advise using this plant in a controlled dose. (Chaudhary, 2022)

Overdosage of Gaozaban

 

  •  Even though it is generally safe to use, proper caution should be taken. Overdosing can lead to harmful consequences including Borage poisoning. If you believe you or someone has overdosed on Gaozaban go to the nearest medical facility. If you have a medicine box, container, or label, bring it with you so the doctor can get the necessary information.
  • Even if you think someone has or might have the same health issue as you, refrain from giving them your medication as it can cause harmful issues. 
  •  Always check with your physician or pharmacist for medical information.

Storage of Gaozaban

 

  • Protect the medication from heat and sunlight. Store it in the refrigerator in hot weather. Make sure children and pets cannot reach the medicine.
  • Avoid pouring down the medicine in drains as it can clog the pipes and contaminate the environment. If in doubt, read the leaflet of the product before disposing of the medicine.

Expired Gaozaban

 

Before buying always check the manufacturing and expiry date of medicines. If an expired dose is consumed, Gaozaban may have mild effects on the body. Talk you your physician if you have ingested an expired dose and visit the nearest medical facility if any symptoms occur.  

Cautions

 

  •  Driving a car or operating heavy machinery may be unsafe if you suffer sleepiness, dizziness, hypotension, or a headache after taking Gaozaban, so time your dosage accordingly. In addition to that, it is generally recommended to avoid alcohol on medications as alcoholic beverages can worsen the negative effects of the medicine. When using Gaozaban, watch out for these consequences on your health. Always visit your doctor for advice tailored to your body and health situations.
  •  Most medications don’t have a high risk of addiction or abuse. The government often classifies drugs that have an addictive potential as restricted substances. Schedule II-V in the US and Schedule H or X in India are examples. Please check the product label to ensure that the medicine does not fall within such specific classifications of medications. Lastly, avoid self-medicating without a doctor’s guidance to avoid making your body more dependent on medications. (tabletwise.net, 2022)

Pharmacological Research

 

  • Anti-microbial action: Onosma bracteatum fruit extracts were extracted using petroleum ether, acetone, methanol, and aqueous solvents, and their antibacterial efficacy against five types of bacteria and one kind of fungus that cause respiratory tract infections was tested. All the extracts inhibited the growth of the chosen pathogens but the bactericidal activity of the crude extracts varied.
  • Anti-diarrheal action: Castor oil and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhoea models in mice were used in an investigation to assess the anti-diarrhoeal activity of Onosma bracteatum ethanolic extract. The ethanolic extract demonstrated anti-diarrheal efficacy in both mice at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (Choudhary, 2012)
  • Psychoimmunomodulatory action: The psychoimmunomodulatory effects of O. bracteatum on the stress model in SD rats were assessed in the current investigation. The study’s findings support the traditional use of O. bracteatum for the treatment of several immune deficiency disorders (such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis) and abnormal memory disorders, which include dementia. The extract of O. bracteatum also showed a protective effect against stress-induced impaired immune functions and psychological processes like memory. (FAREED et al., 2012)
  • Antibacterial activity: This study aimed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of Opuntia dillenii and Onosma bracteatum plants against different harmful bacterial strains. To test the antibacterial activity of these plants, the hot and cold water extracts of Opuntia dillenii and Onosma bracteatum were employed against four bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis. Onosma bracteatum‘s hot and cold water extracts had the greatest effect on Staphylococcus aureus but had little effect on other bacteria. (Zeb et al., 2015) 

Important Formulations

 

Khamira Gaozaban Ambari Ba Nuskha Kalan, Arq-e- Amber, Arq-e- Ma-ul- Jubn, Khamira Gaozaban Ambari, Dawal Misk Haar Sada, Dawaul Misk Mo’tadil, Dawaul Misk mo’tadil jawaharwali, Jawaarish Zar’uni Sada, Jawaarish Zar’unui Ambari Ba Nuskha Kalan, Mufarreh Mo’tadil, Mufarreh Yaquti mo’tadil, Naushadaroo-i-Lului, Rubb-e-Seb Shireen, Rubb-e-Toot Siyah, Ruh-e-Gaozaban, Sharbat-e- Abresham, Rubb-e-Behi, Rubb-e-Jamun, Khamira Aabresham sada, khamira Aabreshsm Shira-e- Unnabawala, Khamira Gaozaban, Ma’joon Muqawwi Wa Mumsik, Jawaarish Amla, Jawaarish Jalinus, Jaawarish Mastagi Kalan, Jawaarish Ood Shirin, Jawarish Safarjali Qabiz, Ma’joon Musli Pak, Ma’joon Dabeedul Ward, Tiriyaaq-e-Samaania.(Zahid, 2015)

Khameera Gaozaban Ambari

Khameera Gaozaban Ambari has its name from its two ingredients:

  • Gaozaban (Borage officinalis)
  • Amber (Ambra grisea)

Action and uses

 

It is used as a brain and heart tonic (Muqavvi Dimagh and Muqavvi Qalb, respectively), helps with palpitations and is a memory enhancer (Muqavvi Hafiza).

Chief Ingredients

 

Amber (Ambra grisea) and Gaozaban (Borage officinalis).

Other Ingredients

 

  •     Berg Gaozaban (Borage officinalis leaf) 30gm
  •     Gule Gaozaban (Borage officinalis flower) 10gm
  •     Sandal safed (Santalum album wood) 10gm
  •     Tukhme Franjmishk (Ocymum gratissimum seed) 10gm
  •   Badranjboya (Melissa parviflora herb) 10gm
  •     Ustokhuddus (Lavandula stoechas flower) 10gm
  •     Tukhme Balanga (Lallemantia royleana seed) 10gm
  •     Kashneez Khushk (Coriandrum sativum dried fruit) 10gm
  •     Abresham (Bombyx mori cocoon) 10gm
  •     Behman safed (Centaurea behen root) 10gm
  •     Toodri Surkh (Cherianthus cheiri seed) 10gm
  •     Toodri Safed (Lepidium iberis seed) 10gm
  •     Water 2 litre
  •     Sugar 1 kg
  •     Asl (Honey) 250gm
  •     Amber (Ambra grisea) 2gm desolated in 10ml of Arq Kewra, 6gm Verq Tila (Gold leaf)
  •     Verq Nuqra (Silver leaf) 6gm.

Preparation

 

Soak Berg Gaozaban (Borage officinalis leaf),  Behman safed (Centaurea behen root), Kashneez Khushk (Coriandrum sativum dried fruit), Abresham (Bombyx mori cocoon), Tukhme Franjmishk (Ocymum gratissimum seed), Badranjboya (Melissa parviflora herb), Sandal safed (Santalum album wood), Gule Gaozaban (Borage officinalis flower), Tukhme Balanga (Lallemantia royleana seed), Ustokhuddus (Lavandula stoechas flower), Toodri Surkh (Cherianthus cheiri seed), Toodri Safed (Lepidium iberis seed) in water at night, then boil them in the morning until the water is only half-full. Rub thoroughly and then filter it. Now add sugar and Asl (Honey). Make Qiwam (Basic Solution of Particular consistency). Then add Verq Nuqra (Silver leaf),  Amber (Ambra grisea secretion) and Verq Tila (Gold Leaf) and triturate it till it becomes white.

Dose

 

3-5g with 125ml Arq Gaozaban 

(Kabir and Advia, 2003)

Khameera Gaozaban Ambari Jawaher wala

Due to the ingredients Gaozaban (Borage officinalis), Amber (Ambra grisea) and Jawahrat (Precious Stones), it is named Khameera Gaozaban Ambari Jawaher wala.

 

Action and uses

 

Muqavvi Hafiza (memory enhancer) is helpful in Khafqan (Palpitation) and Malekholia (Melancholia). It is utilized as Muqavvi Dimagh (Brain tonic) and Muqavvi Qalb (Heart tonic).

Chief ingredient

 

Amber (Ambra grisea), Gaozaban (Borage officinalis) and Jawahrat (Precious Stones)

Ingredients

 

  •     Gaozaban (Borage officinalis flower) 20gm
  •     Kashneez (Coriandrum sativum fruit) 10gm
  •     Abresham (Bombyx mori cocoon) 10gm
  •     Tukhme Balanga (Lallemantia royleana seed) 10gm
  •     Behman safed (Centaurea behen root) 10gm
  •     Sandal safed (Santalum album wood) 10gm
  •     Tukhme Franjmishk (Ocymum gratissimum seed) 10gm
  •     Water 2 litre
  •     Amber (Ambra grasea secretion) 5gm
  •     Verq Tila (Gold leaf) 5gm
  •     Sugar 1 kg
  •     Asl (Honey) 250gm
  •     Yaqoot (Ruby) 4gm
  •     Zamarrud (Emerald) 4gm
  •     Marvareed (Mytilus margaritiferus pearl) 4gm
  •     Zeher Mohra (Serpentine) 4gm

Preparation

 

Soak Gaozaban (Borage officinalis flower), Abresham (Bombyx mori cocoon), Kashneez (Coriandrum sativum fruit), Behman safed (Centaurea behen root), Sandal safed (Santalumalbum wood), Tukhme Franjmishk (Ocymum gratissimum seed) Tukhme Balanga (Lallemantia royleana seed), in water till half of the water is absorbed, then rub and filter the ingredients. Add Sugar and Asl (Honey) to filtrate and prepare Qiwam (Basic Solution of Particular consistency). Make an Amber solution (Ambra grisea secretion) and add Qiwam (Basic Solution of Particular consistency) to this solution. Add Verq Tila (Gold leaf), Yaqoot (Ruby), Powder of Marvareed (Mytilus margaritiferus pearl), Zamarrud (Emerald), Zeher mohra (Serpentine). Triturate this material till it turns white. 

Dose

 

3-5gm with 125ml Arq Gaozaban.(Kabir and Advia), 2003)

Khameera Gaozaban Ambry Jadwar Ood Saleeb wala

Due to its Ingredients Gaozaban (Borage officinalis), Amber (Ambra grisea secretion), Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum root) and Ood Saleeb (Paonea officinalis root), it is named Khameera Gaozaban Ambry Jadwar Ood Saleeb wala.

Action and uses

 

Muqavvi Hafiza (memory enhancer) is helpful in Khafqan (Palpitation) and Malekholia (Melancholia). It is utilized as Muqavvi Dimagh (Brain tonic) and Muqavvi Qalb (Heart tonic).

 

Chief ingredient

 

Amber (Ambra grisea), Gaozaban (Borage officinalis) and Jawahrat (Precious Stones)

Ingredients

 

  •     Gaozaban (Borage officinalis flower) 20gm
  •     Kashneez (Coriandrum sativum fruit) 10gm
  •     Abresham (Bombyx mori cocoon) 10gm
  •     Tukhme Balanga (Lallemantia royleana seed) 10gm
  •     Behman safed (Centaurea behen root) 10gm
  •     Sandal safed (Santalum album wood) 10gm
  •     Tukhme Franjmishk (Ocymum gratissimum seed) 10gm
  •     Water 2 litre
  •     Amber (Ambra grasea secretion) 5gm
  •     Verq Tila (Gold leaf) 5gm
  •     Sugar 1 kg
  •     Asl (Honey) 250gm
  •     Yaqoot (Ruby) 4gm
  •     Zamarrud (Emerald) 4gm
  •     Marvareed (Mytilus margaritiferus pearl) 4gm
  •     Zeher Mohra (Serpentine) 4gm

 

Preparation

 

Soak Gaozaban (Borage officinalis flower), Abresham (Bombyx mori cocoon), Kashneez (Coriandrum sativum fruit), Behman safed (Centaurea behen root), Sandal safed (Santalumalbum wood), Tukhme Franjmishk (Ocymum gratissimum seed) Tukhme Balanga (Lallemantia royleana seed), in water till half of the water is absorbed, then rub and filter the ingredients. Add Sugar and Asl (Honey) to filtrate and prepare Qiwam (Basic Solution of Particular consistency). Make an Amber solution (Ambra grisea secretion) and add Qiwam (Basic Solution of Particular consistency) to this solution. Add Verq Tila (Gold leaf), Yaqoot (Ruby), Powder of Marvareed (Mytilus margaritiferus pearl), Zamarrud (Emerald), Zeher mohra (Serpentine). Triturate this material till it turns white. 

Dose

 

3-5gm with 125ml Arq Gaozaban.(Kabir and Advia), 2003)

Khamira Gaozaban Sada

Due to its Ingredient Gaozaban (Borage officinalis) it is named Khamira Gaozaban Sada.

Action and uses

 

Muqavvi Qalb (Heart tonic), Muqavvi Dimagh (Brain tonic), Muqavvi Hafiza (Improves Memory). It is useful in palpitation, Malekholia (Melancholia), and Muqavvi Baser (Enhances Vision).

Chief ingredient

 

Gaozaban (Borage officinalis)

Ingredients

 

  •     Berg Gaozaban (Borage officinalis leaf) 30gm
  •     Gule Gaozaban (Borage officinalis flower) 10gm
  •     Kashneez (Coriandrum sativum fruit) 10gm
  •     Behman safed (Centaurea behen root) 10gm
  •     Sandal safed (Santalum album wood) 10gm
  •     Tukhme Balanga (Lallemantia royleana seed) 10gm
  •     Tukhme Franjmishk (Ocymum gratissimum seed) 10gm
  •     Abresham (Bombyx mori cocoon) 10gm
  •     Behman surkh (Salvia heamatodes root) 10gm
  •     Badranjboya (Melissa parviflora herb) 10gm
  •     Sugar 1 kg
  •     Asl (Honey) 250gm
  •     Water 2 litre

Preparation

 

Soak Berg Gaozaban (Borage officinalis leaf), Kashneez (Coriandrum sativum fruit), Gule Gaozaban (Borage officinalis flower), Behman surkh (Salvia heamatodes root), Behman safed (Centaurea behen root), Abresham (Bombyx mori cocoon), Sandal safed (Santalum album wood), Tukhme Balanga (Lallemantia royleana seed), Tukhme Franjmishk (Ocymum gratissimum seed), Badranjboya (Melissa parviflora herb) in water till its quantity become half, rub and filter. Add Asl (Honey) and sugar in the filtrate and make Qiwam (Basic Solution of Particular consistency). Triturate it till it becomes white.

Dose 5-10gm with 125ml Arq Gaozaban.(Kabir and Advia, 2003)

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  2. CHOUDHARY, G. 2012. Antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of Onosma bracteatum Wall. Int J Adv Pharm Biol Chem, 1, 402-5.
  3. FAREED, S., SIDDIQUI, H. H., HAQUE, S. E., KHALID, M. & AKHTAR, J. 2012. Psychoimmunomodulatory Effects of Onosma bracteatum Wall. (Gaozaban) on Stress Model in Sprague Dawley Rats. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 6.
  4. JARIBOTI.PK. 2022. Borage Flower ( Gul-e-Gaozaban ) – JariBoti [Online]. Jariboti.pk. Available: https://jariboti.pk/shop/herbs/borage-flower-gul-e-gaozaban/ [Accessed 60/30/22].
  5. KABIR, D. H. & ADVIA), M. I. 2003. Shamsher’s Morakkabat Unani Formulations), India, Shamsher Publisher and Distributors.
  6. MD(AYU), D. 2022. Gojihva Onosma bracteatum: Uses, Remedies, Research, Side Effects [Online]. Available: https://www.easyayurveda.com/2017/02/01/gojihva-onosma-bracteatum/ [Accessed 6/30/22].
  7. TABLETWISE.NET. 2022. Gaozaban – Product – tabletwise.net [Online]. tabletwise.net. Available: https://www.tabletwise.net/medicine/gaozaban [Accessed 06/30/22].
  8. ZAHID. 2015. Gaozaban | National Health Portal of India [Online]. Available: https://www.nhp.gov.in/Gaozaban_mtl [Accessed 06/30/22 2022].
  9. ZEB, M., SAJID, M., RAHMAN, T., KHATTAK, K. & HALIM, M. 2015. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Opuntia dillenii and Onosma bracteatum. J Microbiol Exp, 3, 00074.
  10. حکمت, ط. و. 2022. گاؤزبان [Online]. Available: https://www.tibbohikmat.com/gaozaban/ [Accessed 06/30/22].

 



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